Primary Research:Primary research is research you conduct yourself (or hire someone to do for you.) It involves going directly to a source – usually customers and prospective customers in your target market – to ask questions and gather information. I took that to mean that Primary Research is research on a particular topic, gathered specifically by you. It means the research hasn’t been involoved with previous research, because it has been gathered from the source.
Example, Going to a football match and questioning the people there as to why they went because you want to create a football simulation.
Secondary Research: Secondary research is a type of research that has already been compiled, gathered, organized and published by others. It includes reports and studies by government agencies, trade associations or other businesses in your industry. For small businesses with limited budgets, most research is typically secondary, because it can be obtained faster and more affordably than primary research. If Primary Research is directly gathered, Secondary Research is the opposite. It can involve plagiarism laws, as you are essentially borrowing other people’s primary research.
Example, my usage of websites when gathering the data used to understand these definitions.
Quantative Research:
Quantitative research is research measured in numbers and usually obtained through questionnaires
This means that Quantitative Data is always measured in facts and figures with units. It is useful because these offer comparisons with other data measured in this form.
Example:
Quantitative Data can be easily placed in a graph.
Qualitative Research:
Qualitative research is a method that gives more information and is more concerned with the 'quality' of the responses than the 'quantity'. This type of research is conducted through focus groups and interviews with the public.
This means that Qualitative Data is words rather than numbers. They are generally immeasurable things, like thoughts, feelings and so do not have units.
Example: An interview conducted with several people on how they felt at a concert.
Audience Research:
Audience Research is essentially any research conducted on a specific sample (i.e. the audience!) in order to find out about their attitudes, behaviours and habits - i.e. to understand them. The sample can be made up of any group of interest – whether this is nationally representative, or focused on a particular age, gender, region, ethnicity etc. The definition of ‘audience’ is important, but changeable.
I took this to mean that Audience Research is essentially research into the lifestyles of the people you want to target your product at. This data would then be used to further the products likeability to the audience.
Example: Reading the blog of a pregnant women in order to create an advert for a maternal pillow.
Production Research: (unable to copy and paste from Prezi)
I took Production Research to mean the research done into the actual technicalities of the production and all of its costs.
Example: Learning how much it would cost to film in a specific location.
I watched the news at 8;00 on the 22nd of April. Specifically i watched Good Morning Britain on ITV as presented by Piers Morgan and Susanna Reid. They didn't mention their names until a little later on, after giving some headlines such as PPE arrives from Turkey, and the human vaccine trials to begin tomorrow. They then gave a casualty update on Corona virus and then showed a clip of a doctor serenading a nurse who had recovered. Morgan and Reid spoke a bit about this, saying how lovely it was before launching into a video call between three professionals, whose names were displayed too quickly for me to write down, and they had a debate on whether or not masks should be made mandatory.Then after the call was closed, they mentioned that a rower had survived his corona and then stopped the broadcast for an advert break. After the break, they mentioned some headings particularly pertaining to Anglia, such as how nurseries were struggling and how Stephen Hawkins ventilator has been donated to Cambridge. Then they gave the weather, and there were some more adverts. After that a woman called Lorraine was interviewed by OK magazine, and a few more headlines were shown, such as people are making their own PPE for healthcare and the prime ministers ICU unit was thanked. Then there was another clip of people celebrating as a nurse leaves critical care and a competition to win a jaguar is displayed. Then we watch an interview with a rower, where he mentioned that people with corona are actually trying to kill themselves in hospital by removing their equipment and some people are doing their best to stay strong. Then there is a break, and straight afterwards there is a message left by one child for their mother, an NHS worker. After that, there was a debate between Piers Morgan and and the health minister - Helen - if one can call it a debate. In truth, I found Morgan to be incredibly rude, not giving Helen a chance to speak and contradicting himself a lot. However Helen was dodging his questions, and getting very flustered at being caught out on her supposed 'lies'. Morgan contradicted the earlier casualty updates. After that, at 9;00, there was another advert break until the show ended. However it was not clear, as the studio was the same but the presenters had changed.
News Values, are a set of criteria that were invented in 1965 by Galtung and Ruge. Each news article scores a certain amount of points with the values, and the higher the score the supposedly the more popular the article will be.
Summaries of Values with examples:
(I am using the 'Apple News' app to find examples and so won't put links but i will add it's title and publisher.)
Negativity:
Stories that are considered negative are more popular than ones that are considered positive.
Example: Police Officer filmed hitting and kicking 15-year-old boy. (INDEPENDENT)
Closeness to home:
The more local a story is, the more likely people in that area are to read it.
Example: Helicopter called in to search for missing woman on Norfolk coast (ITV)
Recency:
The quicker a new story is reported, the more likely it is to be read
Example: Good Morning Britain, 8:50 (approx) reported that Captain Tom Moore's fundraising campaign hit £30 million at least an hour after it happened.
Currency:
Stories that have been in the news for weeks are popular, even if there if there is nothing new about them.
Examples: Prince William broke royal tradition on Harry's wedding day (New Idea)
Continuity:
Stories that have regular updates and a big impact.
Example: Coronavirus Vaccine blow as major producer fears jab won't be ready until 'late 2021'
Uniqueness:
Stories that are unique and unusual are popular.
Example: Coronation Street fans call for Dev's shop to be reported over naughty display.
Simplicity:
Stories that are easy to understand are more popular.
Example: Seven DIY projects you can do in a weekend (Which?)
Personality:
Stories that focus on a tiny aspect of a persons (generally well known) life are popular.
Example: Victoria Beckam reverses decision to furlough 30 members of staff. (INDEPENDANT)
Expectedness:
Stories that confirm a theory or have been predicted by audiences are more popular.
Example: Corona Virus set to re-emerge in society through care homes, warns NHS chief (INDEPENDANT)
Exclusitivity:
Stories that are only told by one newspaper are popular.
Example: (see recency story) - not sure of an example for this
Size:
The more money a story took to get, or how large its impact is will affect popularity
Example: UK likely to get close to or hit 100,000 test targets (BBC News)
This particular TV advert is an advert for Magnum, focusing on it's new product and sustainable new usage. The message appears to be 'Magnum helps you with pleasure and luxury' therefore promoting the new Magnum
.
The primary target audience for this is likely to have a demographic target of middle class women. It could be suggested that it's target is B or higher. In the case of pyschographics, I would suggest the primary target would be aspirers and succeeders (as said on the teaching blog)^1, what with the high amount of luxury and seemingly high class nature of the magnum. In the secondary audience, I would expect the demographics to be young adults, age 16 - 25, seeing as it follows a party and very wild following and all the actors seem to be quite young. The secondary pyschographics could be main streamers, as the advert does seem to link to a film 'The Great Gatsby' which is very popular.
This is an example of the wild party atmosphere, does look a lot like ‘The Great Gatsby’ (Baz Luhrmann, 2013)
This is an image from the film. The colour scheme, layout and atmosphere of fun and exuberance are what serves to highlight the preferred image of Magnum. This is how we know what the demographics are, and the primary pyschographics. The secondary pyschographics come from the fact that the film made a profit of $58.6 million suggesting that it was very popular. Another reason for the secondary pyschographic is that there was celebrity endorsement by Bella Hadid. She is a famous model, and serves to highlight the brands image by being this pretty, young, high class girl who self indulges. She doesn’t look gaudy or out of place in this whimsical factory.
This advert was most likely released in April 2018, and then there was a sort of 'VIP party' on 10th of May,^2. I would have expected it to be shown in a fairly prime area such as after a show such as Downtown Abbey. Something that is likely to be seen by people who like high class items. I would also expect the advert to be between two major shows, as it doesn't immediately grab attention but rather works in a build up sort of form. This means that the audience must have to sit through and watch it, so the most likely time they would do this would be in the middle of two shows that are relatively similar, and so they have to sit through the adverts in order to watch that show. The audience would be given something similar to watch whilst waiting for the show that they want to watch, and because it is similar, it bridges the gap and keeps them engaged in active viewing. Since it would be between two major shows, it also add to this sense of elation and build up that the audience is supposed to receive. The emotions are meant to build with the music. The other reason it most likely would have been shown at the prime area would be that is the most expensive area and therefore, highlights the money the brand has and therefore how luxurious it is.
Another place this might have been seen is Channel 4 after ‘The Great Celebrity bake off’ as it can be seen in the BARB ratings above that that is where a lot of people would have been watching TV. Downtown Abbey got 120 million viewers in total and has the image of being a very middle class show. Therefore the advert is likely to been seen around these two points.
The advert takes the form of live action, and links to the demographic primary audience, as it's live action removes the childish attributes which it would have had otherwise. The advert is completely stand alone, again mimicking it's high class audience, and suggesting how the viewer will be unique and elevated if they eat these Magnums. It also follows the idea of a mini drama, and this adds to the idea that the viewer can be like a character in a movie if they eat these Magnums. This also is highlighted by the links to the film, 'The Great Gatsby'
The advert has a humorous element to it , for example when the actress is mimicking the penguins waddle. This gives it a feeling of delight, or elation which is of course what the Magnum is supposed to give you. The uplifting Jazz music, similar to that of the time period in which it can be gathered it is set, also adds to the humor. A serious element can be gathered from the start, when the woman is getting out of the car and stepping up with the stick. This is then removed when she enters the seemingly whimsical 'Willy-Wonka-esque' factory. The music's build up also creates a sense of drama, especially before she enters the factory. The advert also has many inter textual references, with the most obvious being 'The Great Gatsby' with the shot of the house, the logo at the end, the music, and the time period. Another reference could be either of the films based on 'Charlie and the chocolate factory' with the factory and it's steampunk contraptions used to make chocolate Magnuns. The Advert may also have celebrity endorsement by model, Bella Hadid, playing the female character. The advert makes you want to emulate this lifestyle, looking at this luxury, hence the pyschographical audience of aspirers.
The Advert follows AIDA:
How does it grab attention? - the mystery of what the stick is. However the advert is most likely made to go in the middle, of two major programs and so shocking attention, is most likely not it's aim.
How does it arouse interest? - the strange location for a Magnum factory, the portrayal of how they are made. This makes the audience want to buy as it seems exotic and refined. The idea of the sustainabily grown Cacao makes the brand sound as if it cares about the planet and those who buy it. It also fits with their goals of helping the working class.
How does it stimulate desire? - the luxury feel of the advert, the elated joy of the model.
Seen here in her gait and the penguins.
This makes the brand seem indulgent and elegant, but also fun and whimsical.
How does it promote action? - the use of the imperative verb 'Take' and the overall commanding feel of the motto. It promotes a lifestyle that the audience wants as it seems better and more carefree. This will make them want a magnum as soon as possible.
This advert has lifestyle appeal in that it shows a high class luxury style, so that people who want that lifestyle with associate Magnums with it. The renowned prestige of the brand and that classic shaped stick, also assist with this. There is supposedly a benefit, that Magnums help with a pleasure-filled lifestyle and that they are the height of luxury. However Magnum doesn't really compare itself to other brands, it can be suggested that it is more prestigious than others because of the way it is suggested they are made.
OFCOM AND THE ASA.
OFCOM regulates UK television, so naturally they would have a section looking specifically at adverts. The names for this is the ASA, the advertising standards authority. These are some of their categories:
01 Compliance Rules relating to social responsibility; legality and fair competition. It also spells out that the ASA applies the Code in the spirit, as well as the letter.
02 Recognition of marketing communications Rules about making sure material is clearly identifiable as marketing communications / advertisements / advertorials.
03 Misleading advertising A key and extensive section of the Code, containing rules such as substantiation (evidence to prove claims); pricing; the use of the word ‘free’; availability of products, comparisons, testimonials and more.
04 Harm and offence Rules to ensure that ads do not cause harm or serious or widespread offence. Includes rules relating to shock tactics, unsafe practices and photosensitive epilepsy.
05 Children Rules that must be followed if directing ads at children or featuring them. Includes rules about unsafe practices and unfair pressure; pester power and sales promotions for children.
06 Privacy Rules about depicting members of the public; referring to people with a public profile; implying endorsement and the Royal Family.
07 Political advertisements Clarification of when the Code applies to political advertisements
08 Promotional marketing An important section about promotions (e.g. competitions, prize draws, instant wins, front page flashes, charity promotions etc) and incentive schemes. The rules cover the administration of the promotion, as well as the publicity.
09 Distance selling Rules governing marketing communications that allow readers to place orders without face-to-face contact with the seller. Covers cancellation; fulfilment of orders and refunds.
10 Use of data for marketing Rules governing the use of data for marketing. Rules cover marketing to consumers and businesses, and deal with consent, legitimate interests and transparency.
11 Environmental claims Rules about making ‘green’ claims for products or services. Rules cover evidence, the clarity of claims and ‘life cycle’ of products.
12 Medicines, medical devices, health-related products and beauty products A high level of scrutiny is applied to marketing communications for such products or treatments. These rules cover evidence levels (very high levels needed for medicinal claims); suitable qualifications for those claiming to treat; medicines rules; herbal and homeopathic product rules; cosmetics and hair growth / loss.
13 Weight control and slimming Rules for ads for weight control, slimming foodstuffs and aids, including exercise; diets, clinics and medicines. Rules cover the targeting of ads as well as the content.
14 Financial products Rules for financial marketing communications that are not regulated by the FCA or Trading Standards.
15 Food, food supplements and associated health or nutrition claims Rules relating to health and nutrition claims in foodstuffs; claims for vitamins and minerals; infant and follow on formula and food and soft drinks marketing to children.
16 Gambling Social responsibility rules for gambling and spread betting. The rules cover content and targeting are designed to protect under 18s and the vulnerable.
17 Lotteries Social responsibility rules that apply to lotteries (including The National Lottery; Gambling Commission licensed lotteries and locally registered lotteries).
18 Alcohol Social responsibility rules for alcoholic drinks. The rules cover content and targeting are designed to protect under 18s and the wider population.
19 Motoring Social responsibility rules for motor vehicles, covering safety, speed and irresponsible or anti-social driving behaviours.
20 Employment, homework schemes and business opportunities Rules that require clarity of the nature of employment and business opportunities, including display of earnings and any commitments required from consumers. Section covers employment agencies, homework schemes, business opportunities, vocational training and instruction courses.
21 Tobacco, rolling papers and filters Rules to prevent promotion of smoking via ads for non-tobacco products.
22 Electronic cigarettes Rules that apply to the marketing communications for electronic cigarettes and related products.
Magnum did stick to all the rules in their advert, otherwise the advert would have been banned. Lots of adverts however have been removed by the ASA such as an advert by XBOX that involved a woman giving birth in a graphical and possibly offensive way. Lots of other adverts have come under their scrutiny, such as a KFC dancing chicken advert and a dove breast feeding one. The general reason the adverts are allowed to continue, if they are not pulled back by the brand, is that they are humorous. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/the-funniest-tv-ads-that-were-axed-38939 https://www.asa.org.uk/news/top-10-most-complained-about-ads-from-2017.html
In this particular advert Magnum also has a focus on sustainability and lack of plastic. Despite previous Magnum adverts all having the Magnums being shown in their packaging, this one does not. This is because the brand that owns Magnum, Unilever, has a big focus on Global Warming and how they can be more environment friendly. Also messages about Global Warming, were then starting to become apparent, like an example of a trend, people were starting to buy more sustainable things. Having the beans grown sustainably also helps the farmers that grow the beans. Magnum have said that, ‘The beans help to raise the farmers income, more women have the freedom to live the way they want and more children have access to education.’ This is all part of Unilever’s goals, such as reducing the gender and class gaps in society. MISE-EN-SCENE ANALYSIS
Dark lights - mystery, power of editing, high budget.
Spotlit - focus, dramatic
Car - era, luxury
Building - luxury, mystery.
Lights - mystery, luxury
Stamp - VIP club idea, posh, professional
Man - Costume (Luxury, High Class), Mystery, Doorman
Lights - Mysterious, Luxurious, Arctic Feel.
Penguins - Whimsicality, Fun, Random, Animated so they would do what the director needed them to do but made to look live action so they wouldn’t look childish.
Hadid - Fun, Goofy, Classy, Humorous.
Ice - Magnum use fancy techniques to freeze their ice
Lights - luxury, mystery, accentuating the colours
Colours - luxury, rich
Bar feel - fun, luxurious
Hadid - Luxury, feel of entering a secret club, secretive.
Man - Professional, Whimsical, Mystery.
Chocolate - tempting, silky, luxurious, shiny, Sea impression.
Almonds - large, engraved, cartoonish
Lighting - used to make the chocolate look more luxurious.
Lighting - focused on middle, mystery, happy.
M - Logo, Iconography, Reference, Sun, Luxury
Motto - Imperative, Urgent, Oxymoronic, Short, Snappy, makes audience want to move now as it is commanding.
Confetti - Luxury, Jubilation.
People - Popular, Luxury.
Camera - birds eye, made to look large, make audience feel like an outsider so they eat the Magnums
Overall, the camera angles are made to add to the high class feel of the advert and they are nothing too outlandish. The colour scheme references the time period, which makes the audience feel the brand fits with the period, and therefore has the self indulgence and whimsical attributes of that period. The iconography serves to reference ‘The Great Gatsby’ (Baz Luhrmann - 2013) with that golden line pattern which is present in boths scenes. The Magnum logo at the end looks like a golden sun, which has the connotations of being happy and luxurious. This suggests that Magnum is like the sun, it will make your day bright and joyful, while being this golden icon. Bella Hadid is used to show the sort of people that would enjoy the advert, that young and pretty, carefree woman. Since she is also a model, she is seen as elegant and refined, the sort of brand that Magnum is. Lighting overall is used to, again connote the high class atmosphere, as well show off the mystery and darkness of Magnum. This therefore links it back to the original campaign of the seven deadly sins, that pleasure can be found in the darkness, that indulgence is a good thing.
MUSIC
The music is jazz, showing that it references the time period the advert is based upon. This creates a happy and uplifting style, reaching it's peak in the final 10 seconds when the people are having the party. This conveys the idea that Magnum is timeless and that it makes people want to party.
NARRATION
The narration serves to tell the watcher what the ice cream is made of. One of the things mentioned is sustainable cocoa, which fits with the Unilever idea, that they want to improve world issues. People are also more likely to buy things that will help the environment, if just for some sense of power. The other ingredients, such as the Madagascan vanilla, help to make the product seem more luxury.
OVERALL ANALYSIS CONCLUSION
This advert is specifically tailored to be luxurious, and then to add a sense of whimsicality into that luxury. This follows their motto, that the fun nature of the whimsical elements must be taken seriously by the luxury. The 1920s, especially in America, were known as great times of a combination of luxury and fun. This is further backed up by the bar, as alcohol consumption was at a peak in the 1920s, as it was all the range for the rich and their exuberant parties.
From the avert it is possible to as that the primary audience, regarding demographics, is possibly men aged 30-50. This is because the actors, AKA Robert de Niro, have been in films that are mostly to have been watched by a male audience. The advert is also fairly action based, further suggesting a Male target. Income wise, it may have been directed at the middle class, or even the upper class since the characters in the advert all seem to be powerful. Pyschographically, this advert may have been directed at mainstreamers, since Warburtons is a well-known brand, or even succeeders, since Warburtons is a successful brand. One psychographic might be the idea that it is intended for people who already like bagels, as the advert suggests it is the best bagel by comparison, rather than talking about what the bagel is or more simple factors. For the secondary audience: A suggestion for the demographics could be women, as Robert de Niro is likely to be known to some women, and it seems to be directed towards the British and American audiences, as many other ethnicities don’t eat the amount of bread that they do. It could also be suggested that it is aimed at C1 and C2, or the white collar and blue-collar workers, as the price is low, and the advert shows several supermarkets where those people are likely to work in. Pyschographically, this product might be aimed at the explorers, who have never tried a bagel before.
